Characteristics Of Prostate Cancer - 898 Words

There are some tumors found to be primarily relying on FAO for development and survival. Prostate cancer suggested to has a characteristic of low a glycolysis rate and poor avidity to FDG 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose with positron emission tomography, that is using as diagnostic, staging, and a monitoring therapy tool for several malignant tumors (9). Recent studies indicated that prostate cancer cells have a low glucose consumption rate and exhibiting changes of fatty acid metabolism for cancer cell proliferation and growth, also stated that glucose transporters (GLUT1) were found with low expression levels in human prostate cancer cells (9,10). Another observation was proposed by a study in which the inhibition of CPTI activity using safe†¦show more content†¦FAO produces a molecule of acetyl CoA in each oxidation cycle and two after full completed cycles. The resulted acetyl CoA is the major requirement for producing the reduced NADP+ in which the generated acetyl CoA enter s the TCA cycle and with the availability of oxaloacetate provides citrate that can be export to the cytoplasm. The citrate then enters two reactions to produce cytosolic NADPH (1,3,12). These reactions include the conversion of malate to pyruvate that is catalyzed by malic enzyme (ME1) and the oxidation of isocitrate to ÃŽ ±-ketoglutarate by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) (1,3,12). The produced cytosolic NADPH from FAO acts to sustain the antioxidant system against oxidative stress and to promote cancer cell survival. For instance, during severe oxidative stress the accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) leads to cell death, cytosolic NADPH counteracts ROS by maintaining the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) thereby promoting cancer cell survival (12). In addition, the produced cytosolic NADPH from FAO targets ROS-induced oxidative damage to prevent disrupting mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. For example, in a study using SF188 glioblastoma cells the inhibition of FAO by CPTI inhibitor etomoxir hindered NADPH production and resulted in significantly increased of superoxide level in etomoxir treated cells, ATP depletion, and eventually cell death (12). AShow MoreRelatedRisks of PSA Testing Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping cancer, and 10 ng/ml is a 50% risk of cancer. However, some men with normal PSA levels still have prostate cancer, while other men with high PSA levels do not. PSA levels increase with age often due to a higher prevalence of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). Therefore, no PSA cutoff can accurately guarantee that a man does not have prostate cancer. PSA blood levels are used for several different purposes such as to diagnose prostate cancer, evaluate treatment of prostate cancer, and toRead MoreCharacteristics Prostatic Specific Antigen ( Psa )1547 Words   |  7 Pages5.0 Laboratory Tests 5.1 Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Table 2: Summary of characteristics Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) Characteristic Data Comments Classification PSA is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate epithelial cells Cancer may elevate levels both from increased production and because tissue barriers between the gland lumen and vascular bed are disrupted. PSA Levels PSA has a half-life of 2.2 days and elevated levels vary in recovery depending on the cause of the elevation PSA elevationRead MoreProstate Cancer and PSA Testing Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer affecting men and the second leading cause of cancer death among American men (Qaseem, Denberg, Owens, Shekelle, 2013). Medical professionals have been using prostate specific antigen (PSA) screenings along with digital rectal exam (DRE) for many years to screen for prostate cancer. PSA was first identified in 1966 in semen, followed by the identification of PSA in blood in 1979. The PSA test has been approved for use since 1994 to detectRead MoreBackground and History of Prostate Cancer1211 Words   |  5 PagesHistory In 2013 there were 238,500 new cases of Prostate Cancer diagnosed in the United Sates, and about 29,700 of the cases will die from it according to WebMD.com. Prostate Cancer is the most non-skin related cancer in the United States. Prostate cancer is the formation of cancerous cells in the prostate of the male’s reproductive organ. Prostate cancer is a slow progressing disease, and most men only die once they have reached old age. Because the prostate is in close proximity to other organs, it alsoRead MoreWhat Are The Diagnostic Value Of The Dre?1216 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficulty in starting to urinate and a poor urinary stream. His GP performed a DRE, which revealed masses in both lobes of the prostate (clinical stage T2C) His GP took a serum sample for PSA and referred him to a urologist. PART A Question 1: Comment on the patient’s presenting symptoms. The patient’s symptoms indicate signs of advanced prostate cancer, â€Å"prostate cancer seldom produces signs and symptoms until it is advanced. Signs of advanced disease include a slow urinary stream†¦urinary hesitancyRead MoreRenal Cell Carcinoma Of The Kidney Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe most common genitourinary cancers are, renal cell carcinoma of the kidney, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and adenocarcinoma of the prostat. 1- Renal cell carcinoma, the most common cancer of the kidney, accounts for approximately 90% of all renal malignancies. About 65,000 cases of renal cell carcinoma are diagnosed each year in the U.S. Despite advances in diagnosis, especially improved imaging techniques and the incidental diagnosis of many tumors with imaging tests for unrelatedRead MoreRenal Cell Carcinoma Of The Kidney Cancer Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe most common genitourinary cancers include, renal cell carcinoma of the kidney, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 1- Renal cell carcinoma, is the most common cancer of the kidney, accounts for approximately 90% of all renal malignancies. About 65,000 cases of renal cell carcinoma are diagnosed each year in the U.S. Despite advances in diagnosis, especially improved imaging techniques and the incidental diagnosis of many tumors with imaging tests forRead MoreEssay On Cancer In The African American Community1631 Words   |  7 Pages Cancer in the African American Community Vs. Caucasian Community Justen Hudson Professor Frazier November 16, 2017 Abstract Declining cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States have continued through the first decade of the twenty-first century. However, Black Americans continue to have the higher cancer mortality rates and shorter survival times. This review discusses and compares only breast and prostate cancer mortality rates and mortality trends for BlacksRead MoreNon Technical Summary : Prostate Cancer866 Words   |  4 PagesNON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in men, however, a large number of newly diagnosed PCa are indolent. Patients with indolent PCa have to undergo similar treatment as aggressive PCa and suffer from cost and side effect of treatment, compromising the quality of life and potential morbidity without any benefit. FDA has approved Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) assessment for screening for PCa. However, ubiquitousRead MoreUsing The Method Of S21343 Words   |  6 PagesThe prostate–specific antigen- tested group demonstrated the users of Met, compared to nonusers had a decreased PCa risk as well (OR: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.86). Diabetics with no medication (aOR: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86-1.24), other diabetic medication (aOR: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.70-1.20) and insulin users (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI, 0.56-1.24) demonstrated no significant PCa risk. Study 3 The Name of study 3 is: â€Å"Age-Adjusted PSA Levels in Prostate Cancer Prediction: Updated Results of the Tyrol Prostate Cancer

The Impact of Technology on the Critical Thinking of...

Chapter One: Introduction Background A university is a tertiary institution of higher learning, where persons go to obtain academic degrees and certificates in a variety of career paths. This level of educational training requires critical thinking and analytical skills. A person who is pursuing a degree or has received a degree in any subject area is expected to behave or operate in a manner that is different from a person who has not matriculated to this level. Although this is what is expected, over time behavioural patterns have shown that this is not the case. The argument is that, university students seem to be spending a great amount of time on their technological devices engaging in activities that does not stimulate critical thinking. According to Wolpert (2009), â€Å"technology plays an important role in our lives; however, skills such as critical thinking and analysis have been declining.† Wolpert further stated that â€Å"reading for pleasure, which is one of the things that should help youths in their thinking and imagination has declined.† Students are rarely read books or any form of literature that would have helped to improve their critical thinking skills. Furthermore Kurland (2000) posits that critical thinking speaks to relying on reason rather than emotion; the influence of motives and bias are measured, and all reasonable inferences are evaluated. In addition, the Foundation for Critical Thinking (2011), cited Glaser’s (1941), definition of critical thinking asShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Icts and What Types of Icts Are Commonly Used in Education?6247 Words   |  25 PagesWhat are ICTs and what types of ICTs are commonly used in education? ICTs stand for information and communication technologies and are defined, for the purposes of this primer, as a â€Å"diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.† These technologies include computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony. In recent years there has been a groundswell of interest in how computersRead MoreImportance of Science Education5289 Words   |  22 Pagesscientific research and technological development. Taxila (6th century BC) one of the earliest universities in the world, attracted students from across the continents. Major fields of study at Taxila included mathematics, astronomy, medicine, surgery and metallurgy. Unfortunately, most of the knowledge was lost during the medieval period. The glorious tradition of original thinking, adventure of ideas and creative innovations was completely snapped. SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION DURING THE BRITISH RULERead MoreLearning Environment and the Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Akwa-Ibom State11343 Words   |  46 PagesThis is the reason that a government invests heavily in the education of her citizens. Secondary education, a sub-set of the education level, is very necessary in human capital formation. It is the supply base from which tertiary institutions draw their major clientele (students) for admission into their different programmes. It, therefore, presupposes that the provision of qualitative education is the sine qua non for the attainment of the goals of secondary education. Nevertheless, the main objectivesRead MoreOverseas Education: Opportunities, Experience and Quality7263 Words   |  30 PagesExperience of Overseas Students Maria Pereda (deceased) David Airey (d.airey@surrey.ac.uk) and Marion Bennett (m.bennett@surrey.ac.uk) Faculty of Management and Law, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH  ©Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education Abstract The higher education of students has become increasingly internationalised, with an evergrowing proportion of students originating from overseas. However, research to date suggests that overseas students are often less satisfiedRead MoreThe Effect Of Practical Work On Students Performance9732 Words   |  39 Pages EFFECT OF PRACTICAL WORK ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN MURANG’A EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA. MUCHAI AUGUSTINE NG’ETHE REG. No. E83/20087/2012 A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this research thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in anyRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation Among College Students3363 Words   |  14 Pages The Effects of Sleep Deprivation among College Students: A Psychological and Sociological Approach Integrative Project: Final Submission Synthia Paramathypathy Marianopolis College Sleep plays a major role in people s lives. Evidence has shown that enough sleep promotes good health and well-being (Ojikutu, R. 2010). It plays a key role in maintaining a healthy brain function,in helping to establish emotional well-being, and in improving overall health since it repairs the heart and bloodRead MoreThe Retention And Succession Planning3788 Words   |  16 Pageset al., 2011). Thus, this is one potential approach to both nursing retention and succession. From the perspective of leadership, authors Cabral, Hanson, and Reilly (2016) reiterate the fact that the performance of nursing supervisors directly impacts the satisfaction of their staff. Stress increases with poor relationships, while satisfaction decreases. Certainly, it is in the best interest of leaders to pursue quality relationships with their staff members to promote satisfaction and retentionRead MoreInventory Management System of a Printing Press in Dagupan City13913 Words   |  56 Pagesreduce unproductive inventory by allowing stores to manage their own stocks, reducing pack sizes across many product categories, and timely price markdowns. Instead of cutting inventory across the board, Wal-Mart made full use of its  Information Technology (IT) capabilities  to make more inventories available in the case of items that customers wanted most. The Company entered into collaboration with Pamp;G for maintaining the inventory in its stores and built an  automated re- ordering system. AlsoRead MoreThesis About English Proficiency Among Bshrm Students10781 Words   |  44 PagesLevel of English Proficiency and Communication Skills among BSHRM CSTA Students: an Assessment A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Colegio De Sta. Teresa De Avila Foundation Inc. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management By: Wendell Galapate Mau Bryan Calimlim Alvin Pancito Robert Charles Magno Rodrigo Tinaja Jr. Heizel Bisnan Lea Sojor Jenelyn Soriano Aisha Valencia Clarisse Hipolito Ian VictoRead MoreEffect of Ict on the Academic Performance of Students8894 Words   |  36 PagesInformation and communication technology (ICT) is an instructional technology to enhance teaching and learning in pre schools, it is the application of organized or scientific knowledge to practical tasks of teaching and learning in pre-schools. According to Akinola and Aremu, (2000) instructional technologies incorporate the tools and making present support to reinforce teaching and learning on pre schools pupils. Technology is this respect involves broad based technology including it methods, management

Places Around the World Are Getting More and More Similar free essay sample

In the past,people used to travel to many places to see the differences from their home country. Now all the places around the world are getting more and more similar. What is the cause of this simailarity? Do you think that the advantage of thissimilarity overweigh the disadvantages? Recently ,lack of unique place to travel has become a top discussions in our daily life. It will be disappointed for people who expect to find a difference of their own country. In my opinion,the most important factor of this issue may be globalization,and globalization certainly has the potential to bring about great advance for humankind. Nowadays,in tourist areas of the developing world we can follow a growing international trend in many aspects,and also I believe it is a good way for our social development. For example,many modern buildings,especially skyscrapers with glass walls are being erected here and there,and some of them even become the symbols of a city around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Places Around the World Are Getting More and More Similar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clearly,this is an unavoidable trend. It should not only can house more people and host more office,but also can make valuable tourist resource.In other side,we can also observe a changing happened in leisure time pursuits and culture exchange. Chinese youths shopping at department store in Shanghai,hang out in club over a glass of beer in much the same way that their American counterparts do in NewYork. The third one is that television and internet as very powerful medium of influence over large populations. Younger generations the world over who can through these mordern technologies often encounter the same media such as advertisements,films,TV chanels popular brands and so on.At the same time,many argue that the costs of globalization are too high and that differences between countries and communitices need to be maintained before we quickly and completely lose all sense of who we are,where we came from and what choice are still available to us. After all,historic places provide a physical link to our past. In sum up,only by further developing the way in which we manmage our societies can we make sure that those currently not in control of globalization can make their voices heard in the political processes affecting the rang of their own personal choices.

Philemon Essays - Epistle To Philemon, Slavery In Ancient Rome

Philemon The letter of Philemon was written by Paul the apostle along with Timothy. Paul was definitely the author and nothing needs to confirm that. The ?external testimony is unimpeachable.? (Smith, p.510) The letter was written to Philemon on behalf of Onesimus. Philemon lived in Colosse and we know this because Onesimus was also Colossian which is confirmed in Colossians 4:9. Philemon was a man of property and influence. It is not known exactly how he knew Paul though.(Smith, p.509) Paul did address others in the letter. One of which was Apphia, a Christian woman. She was a member of Philemon's household and may have been his wife.(Smith, p.47) It also includes Archippus who was a Christian teacher in Colosse. He is also mentioned in the book of Colossians. Archippus might have also been a member of Philemon's household.(Smith, p.51) Some believe that Paul did not intend this to be a personal letter. They base this assumption on the fact that he addressed other people.(Tenney, p.753) Philemon lived in Colosse at the time, and as I mentioned before, we know that because of Paul's final greetings toward some of the Colossian people mentioned in both Philemon and Colossians. Paul wrote this letter during his first imprisonment in Rome. The dates range from A.D. 63 to A.D. 64. We know that he was in prison in Rome because of some of the things mentioned in this book (Philemon vs. 13,23) and once again because of the similarities with the book of Colossians. Others believe that Paul may have been in Ephesus at this time. When Paul mentioned that he wanted to stay with Philemon, that request was congruent with the plans he made during his Ephesian ministry to visit the Lycus valley.(Tenney, p.755) During the time that this letter was written, slavery was very common. Most of these slaves had been captured in wars. Masters were totally in control. If a slave were to steal something, he might be branded on his forehead with ?CF? for Cave Furem which means ?Beware of Thief.? He could also be put to death.(Wight, p.292) The Apostles did not do much to overcome slavery. They just kept preaching Biblical principals. ?Paul's letter to Philemon has, no doubt, done more to overcome slavery than any other document ever written.?(Wight, p.293) Roman law also stated that ?whoever gave hospitality to a runaway slave was liable to the slave's master for the value of each day's work lost.?(Tenney, p.753) That could be a reason why Paul said he would repay Philemon's losses. The book of Philemon was actually written on behalf of another person. Paul wrote this letter in order to ask Philemon to accept Onesimus back into his household. ?I appeal to you for my son Onesimus.? (Phil.10) Onesimus was a slave of Philemon's. It is not known exactly why he left Philemon. Some think he left just so he could have freedom. Others are sure he stole something from Philemon. (Smith, p.510) During Paul's imprisonment in Rome, Onesimus was with him. Paul was able to witness to him and he was converted to Christianity. Because of this, Onesimus knew he had to return to Philemon and place himself at Philemon's disposal once again. Paul acted as a mediator in his situation. He did this in order to help both Onesimus and Philemon.(Tenney, p.756) The letter was written on behalf of Onesimus. Paul wanted Philemon to accept Onesimus back because he was no longer just a servant, but a brother in Christ. One of the themes of Philemon has to do with slavery. Paul was hoping that God would speak to people after they read this letter and that they would want to end slavery. Paul was also hoping that Philemon would accept Onesimus back into his home. He did not force Philemon to do this. He was, rather, wanting Philemon to take him back out of love. Paul made it clear that for whatever wrongs Onesimus had caused to Philemon, he (Paul) would repay all the debts. The letter of Philemon begins with greetings from Paul and Timothy to Philemon, his church, and his household. It also continues with Paul thanking God for Philemon's faith. It also encourages Philemon to be active in sharing his faith. The next section of the book has Paul making a request. He wants Philemon to accept Onesimus. He does not force Philemon to do this, even though he could. He wants Philemon to do it out of love. He tells Philemon that Onesimus

Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll

'Jabberwocky' by Lewis Carroll English writer Lewis Carroll (1832- 1898) is best-known for his genre-bending work Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel Through the Looking Glass (1872). The tale of a young girl who visits a strange land is a classic of childrens literature and cemented Carrolls place in the Western literary canon. Even though theyre widely considered to be important works, the talking animals and possible depiction  of what has been interpreted as drug use have placed Wonderland and Looking Glass on numerous lists of banned books. Lewis Carroll Life and Work Lewis Carroll was actually the pen name of   Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, a cleric, scholar, teacher, and mathematician. Before turning to writing childrens fiction, Dodgson/Carroll wrote several mathematical texts while a student at Christ Church College, Oxford, including An Elementary Treatise on Determinants, Curiosa Mathematica and Euclid and His Modern Rivals. He met the Liddell family while a teacher at Christ Church College  and was enchanted by their young daughter Alice. Although he later said his fictional heroine was not based on any real person, Carroll reportedly made up the Wonderland stories, or at least their outlines, as a way of entertaining Alice Liddell and her friends. Carroll wrote several other works, some about Alice, in his later years, but never again achieved the commercial success of Wonderland and Looking Glass. Analyzing Carrolls Poem Jabberwocky Jabberwocky is a poem contained within Through the Looking Glass.   Alice discovers the poem in a book on a table during a visit to the Red Queen. From what we can understand, the poem is a mythical monster who is slain by the hero of the poem. Who is the hero? Who is the narrator? Its almost impossible for the reader to tell  since were already in the weird world of Wonderland. Even Alice doesnt understand what shes reading. Written in a ballad style, most of the words within the Jabberwocky are nonsensical, yet it hews to a traditional poetic structure. Here is the complete text of Lewis Carrolls Jabberwocky. Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. Beware the Jabberwock, my son!The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!Beware the Jubjub bird, and shunThe frumious Bandersnatch! He took his vorpal sword in hand:Long time the manxome foe he soughtSo rested he by the Tumtum tree,And stood a while in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood,The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,And burbled as it came! One two! One two! And through and throughThe vorpal blade went snicker-snack!He left it dead, and with its headHe went galumphing back. And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?Come to my arms, my beamish boy!Oh frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!He chortled in his joy. Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe.

Gay-Lussacs Law Definition (Chemistry)

Gay-Lussac's Law Definition (Chemistry) Gay-Lussacs law is an ideal gas law which states that at constant volume, the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature  (in Kelvin). The formula for the law may be stated as: Pwhere PGay-Lussacs law is also known as the pressure law. French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac formulated it around 1808. Other ways of writing Gay-Lussacs law make it easy to solve for the pressure or temperature of a gas: PPTWhat Gay-Lussac's Law Means The importance of this gas law is that it shows that increasing the temperature of a gas causes its pressure to rise proportionally (assuming the volume doesnt change). Similarly, decreasing the temperature causes the pressure to fall proportionally. Gay If 10.0 L of oxygen exerts 97.0 kPa at 25 degrees Celsius, what temperature (in Celsius) is needed to change its pressure to standard pressure? To solve this, you first need to know (or look up) standard pressure. Its 101.325 kPa. Next, remember that gas laws apply to absolute temperature, which means Celsius (or Fahrenheit) must be converted to Kelvin. The formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin is: K degrees Celsius 273.15 K 25.0 273.15 K 298.15 Now you can plug the values into the formula to solve for the temperature: TTTAll thats left is to convert the temperature back to Celsius: C K - 273.15 C 311.44 - 273.15 C 38.29 degrees Celsius Using the correct number of significant figures, the temperature is 38.3 degrees Celsius. Gay-Lussac's Other Gas Laws Many scholars consider Gay-Lussac to be the first to formulate Amontons law of pressure-temperature. Amontons law states that the pressure of a certain mass and volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. In other words, if the temperature of a gas increases, so does the gass pressure, providing its mass and volume remain constant. Gay-Lussac is also credited for other gas laws, which are sometimes called Gay-Lussacs law.  For instance, Gay-Lussac stated that all gases have the same mean thermal expansivity at constant pressure and temperature. Basically, this law states that many gases behave predictably when heated. Gay-Lussac is sometimes credited as being the first to state Daltons law, which says that the total pressure of a gas is the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases.

Complex Humanitarian Emergency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Complex Humanitarian Emergency - Essay Example Distributing food nor relief goods do not abate the hardship of the victims since there are other factors that act as an obstacle in giving humanitarian aid. One of the most pronounced factors would be political forces. When an underdeveloped country is hit by a disaster, the government might not be that organized in addressing the situation. There may be international donors willing to give a vast amount of relief goods but the government is laden with bureaucracy and red tape thereby hindering the equitable distribution of resources. It is also ironic to learn that corruption also happens even during times of crisis. Some officials would use the disaster to pursue their political agenda instead of merely helping victims. Some government officials would even hoard supplies for their local town which just violates the concept of impartiality in the Humanitarian Charter. During the case of typhoon Ondoy in the Philippines, there was a local official who used the pump boat to save his family first before taking care of his constituents. Public service simply went out of the picture. An emergency also becomes complex in poor countries since the victims themselves already belong to the marginalized sector of society. Having no adequate nutrition, they are the first casualties who die of hunger when rescue efforts are delayed. More often than not, young children who are malnourished die quickly in evacuation centers. This is a sad reality considering that the right to adequate food according to humanitarian law includes the availability of food in sufficient quantity and its accessibility (The Sphere Project, 2004). Housing is also a major issue that contributes to the complexity of emergencies. While people may be housed in an evacuation center, they are compressed together like sardines.  

Leadership in a Global Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Leadership in a Global Environment - Essay Example Management at the global level has resulted in a massive capacity strain on leadership and leadership strategies owing to the multicultural nature of the staff. In a multicultural managerial environment, leaders encounter a workforce with varying religious, political, cultural and racial backgrounds. As such, they view numerous things that are relevant in the workplace differently. The difference in the views may result in conflict among members of the workforce or between the management and the staff members (Griffin 2006, p. 72). For an entity seeking to establish a subsidiary in a different country, it is vital for the leadership of the company to adopt a leadership style, which will resonate well with the culture and the ideals of the new country. If such factors are overlooked, the human resource department will experience many challenges that will result in reduced output per employee. Some societies value individualism, for instance, in the western nations while other societies focus on projects, which will uplift the society in its entirety. The leaders in the multicultural managerial environment must remain alive to the complexitie s that result from diversity. Diversity is a great asset to a company since different people bring different skills and perspectives in the entity. However, if leaders fail to manage diversity shrewdly, it becomes an impediment to the management. Multicultural workforces have become symptomatic with global entities. Hence, one of the steps the leaders should undertake is to ensure that the mission and vision coined are global in nature. Most of the missions and visions will be a reflection of the ideals of the country of origin (Toyota 2014 p.1).

Biotech Ethics and Advancement Essay Example for Free

Biotech Ethics and Advancement Essay Biotechnology: Of Ethics and Advancement Thousands of years ago, early man, like the rest of earths fauna and flora, was at the mercy of the elements; we relied on natures gratitude when it came to finding food and survival. As Charles Darwin would say, only the fittest could survive Mother Natures test. Eventually, however, a fully-evolved man turned the tide of the competition; we began to domesticate the once savage beasts we hunted and competed with like wolves and horses turning them into livestock and our own companions bred out of their natural ferocity, to grow our own food for our own and tart agriculture, and eventually we started to settle down into permanent communities. Man had transcended nature when the first steps of human civilization began to grow. Since then, man had crafted its own grand design for himself; the discovery of metals like Bronze and Iron, to the Pyramids of Egypt and Cities of Rome, and the rest, as they say, Is modern history. In the Modern world, we still have that said control, and with It we have now intrinsically used our knowledge to design nature herself In our Ideal Image. Technological Advancements have allowed us wield it as we pleasure. We can now edit Mother Natures work and remake It anew through our vast Interference with the body that is Science. The presence of GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms), Dolly and all her Cloned brethren, and Real life Cyborg-Animals are Just samples of what weVe done to her. Eventually, because of this, someone Just had to say It: When will it be too much? When will we know when weVe gone too far? That Is where Ethics falls in, our man-made balance of whether or not, In the most basic sense, what we do Is right or wrong. Ethics has long been a question of how much more we can do to these once all natural things and make them artificially enhanced. When can we truly say that we, the masters have abused our power? One cannot mistake, however, that human alteration of natural things Is only a recent occurrence. Like I said, since the earliest ages of man we already tampered with nature as we sought. We turned once vlclous and wild wolves, through our process of selectively breeding the weaker ones, Into the loyal and lovable K9 friends we have today minus the genes of aggression. Pavlov strapped d own dogs to make psychological breakthroughs In condltlonlng. World War 2 scientists strapped bombs to dogs, dolphins, and even bats to assist them In fighting the enemy. Indeed, this tinkering of human hands has always been there. It now falls onto us people of today to see If things can still be set as Is. How much more can we do for our species own satisfaction? The Ethical question must always be present whenever we trod upon something as sensltlve as the condltlon of llvlng things. Animals, Ilke any other llvlng being, have xtremes in straining those rights to our needs. The uncertainty of Science itself shows that we cannot always control what happens to them come experiment time. The fear of abusing these innocent creatures is always on the minds of the very ethical/moral such as Animal Rights groups and such. Modern Genetics and Technology have sometimes crossed lines for the sake of advancement, such as taking away a creatures autonomy to turn them into natural robots. If this is truly how far Advancement has gone into sacrificing Lifes basic rules, then these righteous people really do have a reason to riot and protest.

The Bullying Crisis in America Essay -- School Bullying Essays

Schools do not talk about it, parents do not know how to stop it from happening, but so many suffer from it, bullying. Bullying has become the biggest growing issue in the world. So many people go through the day in silence while struggling to not let bullying affect them, but it does. Bullying happens in so many different ways, but no one ever talks about it. Everyday 160,000 people suffer from being bullied at school and half of those people will try to commit suicide because of it (Karmazin). Imagine yourself walking on campus, and all of a sudden another student starts calling you names. This is what so many students fear every day. One in every four students is a victim of some kind of bullying. Why does this happen? Bullying has become the fastest growing problem in schools today. Bullying can take many forms, and students that are victims of bullying are affected in different ways, and suicide is often the greatest effect that is happening. Bullying has reached the epidemic l evel in schools; however, realizing the psychological effects cause by bullying, and suicide has become a growing result of it, and in everyday life across all the oceans of the world; it is time to take preventative measures to reduce and stop bullying from happening needs to be taken. When a person thinks of bullying happening in schools, they in vision on thing; a big, mean boy picking out a younger, smaller student and saying, â€Å"Give me all your money nerd!† at that point the bully picking up the victim and flipping them upside down to make the money come out of the pockets. When the actuality is bullying is not always that plainly shown. Bullying does not necessarily have to physical violence in order for a situation to be considered bullying. Tee... ...ersonal interview. 23 Oct. 2013. Karmazin, Karen S. â€Å"Facts about Bullying for High School Students.† Home. University at Buffalo, n.d.. Web. 24 Oct. 2013 Kelley, Hall Megan, and Carrie Jones. Dear Bully: 70 Authors Tell Their Stories. New York, NY: HarperTeen, 2011. Print. Sandavol, Jesse. Personal interview. 23 Oct. 2013. Sutton, Jon. "Book Review: Breaking the Cycle of Violence: Interventions for Bullying and Victimization. Richard J. Hazler. Taylor & Francis, London, 1996. No. of Pages: 222(Paperback). ISBN 1-56032-509-7." Early Development and Parenting 6.2 (1997): 93. Print. United States. California Department of Education. - School Environment (CA Dept of Education). N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. Yerger, William, and Cliff Gehret. "Understanding and Dealing With Bullying in Schools."The Educational Forum 75.4 (2011): 315-26. ERIC. Web. 3 Nov. 2013.

Intervention And Appropriate Teaching Methods Education Essay

INTRODUCATIONReading is a necessary accomplishment for success in all societies, and the ability to read throughout assorted contexts efficaciously likely to better ego assurance and societal advancement every bit good as 1s possible bearer. However, Reading troubles is the job that faces many pupils with dyslexia across different educational system. It seems clear that there are two chief methods of gestating LD in general and the natural world construct of dyslexia. One chief definition relates to psychological/medical theoretical account and the other is societal theoretical account ( Kevin, 1999 ) . It is often pointed out that reading accomplishment is complicated because it is based on two chief procedures which are coding, comprehension. They require larning all alphabetical characters and the result of cognition every bit good as interaction with the reader ‘s ain experiences and entree to consequences through the text. Harmonizing to H. Lee Swanson, Karen R. Harris, Steve Graham ( 2006 ) reading troubles is shortage in larning procedures which are include ocular perceptual experience and perceptual Kinetic perceptionaˆÂ ¦ etc. They established developing plans for this procedures which are prerequisite for larning to read, such as audio and ocular perceptual experience. However, this tendency has been criticized by research workers ; because the theoretical doctrine was comparatively weak and it was non grounded on scientific based grounds alternatively it was meant to see merely practical behaviour. On the other manus, in the 1960ss and 1970ss of the last centur y has returned to concentrate on direct instruction and structured acquisition, which focus on Code-emphasis and Whole Language ( Hoien, 2000 ) . Unfortunately, it is clear that there is no known medical option to cut down the badness of cognitive processing hold in students with reading troubles. Therefore, instructors are required to work instructional accommodations as a consequence, pupils with reading troubles are to be successful in an suited academic environment that aid to cut down reading troubles ( such as eliminate any beginning of perturbation at mainstream schoolrooms and resource room ) . One of the most of import instructional accommodations is usage of basic processs for appropriate intercession in early phase of educational ladder to avoid reading jobs in pupils through usage of assorted plans of intercession by specialised instructors and clinical psychologist. Another instructional accommodation which is methods of learning pupils with dyslexia how do they read? ( Kevin,1999 ) . On the other manus, dyslexia friendly schools are an appropriate environment for kids. They are to be provided with effectual support and consciousness of their extra demands. The purpose of this really brief essay is to discourse different definitions of dyslexia. Intervention to cut down reading troubles in pupils with dyslexia will be discussed with a focal point on phases of intercession in England ; issues associated with intercession and besides concentrate on â€Å" Reading Recovery † . Teaching Methods for pupils with reading troubles will be examined in footings of â€Å" Whole Language Instruction manuals † and â€Å" Code- accent Instructions † . Finally, Facilitating dyslexia friendly schools will be explored in brief.1. Definition of DyslexiaIt seems a controversial issue comparatively in the beginning, because dyslexia has defined in many attacks, some of the definitions reflect the theories of causing, while the other definitions in an effort to depict dyslexia. It seems clear that dyslexia involves more than one status as it conveys a conceptual trouble in reading accomplishments for the kid every bit good as a figure o f other grounds ( ( Rice, 2004 ) . A hundred old ages have passed by since the first systematic definition of dyslexia every bit good as the diagnosing was established ( Frith, 1999 ) and there is still considerable argument among professionals, professionals, psychologists and instructors about the conceptual issues of dyslexia, whoever in fact non far from understanding on their cognition of constructs, accomplishments development demands and capablenesss, every bit good as diagnosing. Furthermore, professionals and associations interested in particular instruction differ in the definition of a big private educational footings, peculiarly in the instance of attending shortage attending shortage hyperactivity upset ( ADHD ) , attending shortage upset ( ADD ) and dyslexia. In one community, has experienced trouble in learning reading as bespeaking hapless reading accomplishments that must be addressed by large-effective instruction methods. On the other manus, it is observed that another community the same manner of r eading troubles in dyslexia, which contains an single educational program ( IEP ) that need to be extremely efficient for the instruction of each single instance. Furthermore, there are many of dependable definitions that have been adopted from a broad scope of different direction environments, such as definition of the British Association for Dyslexia ( 2001 ) , which seems to be a descriptive definition, which indicate that dyslexia can be seen as: â€Å" A combination of abilities and troubles which affect the acquisition procedure in one or more of reading, spelling, and composing. Attach toing failing may be identified in countries of velocity of processing, short-run memory, sequencing, auditory and / or ocular perceptual experience, spoken linguistic communication and motor accomplishments. It is peculiarly related to get the hanging and utilizing written linguistic communication, which may include alphabetic, numeral and musical notation † ( Reid, 2002 ) . It is agreed widely that reading accomplishment is cardinal for all people to finish the acquisition procedure successfully and appears to be understanding that the acquisition procedure needs to be a big figure of simple accomplishments, which requires the maps are ordered from different parts of the encephalon ( both left and right from the Broca ‘s country and Hamichaer ) , furthermore, the sequence of actions that may do it one of the most complex operations. It is clear that all instructors, practicians and parents should hold information about kids with dyslexia and the most of import jobs they face, particularly in reading to understand the definition of the educational procedure ( British Dyslexia Association, 2003 ) . On the other, the World Federation of Neurologists ( 1968 ) defined it as ; â€Å" Dyslexia is a upset manifested by trouble in larning to read despite conventional direction and socio-cultural chance. It is dependent upon cardinal cognitive disablements which are often of constitutional beginning. † ( Mortimore, 2003, by Reid, 1994, p.2 ) . If we pay adequate attending to this definition it is clear that the greatest alterations considerate on the late 1960ss that emphasis and characterized jobs to finish reading procedure to be successful, and the new millenary, that is a interested far more than three different phases of description, the first, behavioral, which is the most of import component for instructors and practicians to work daily with kids with dyslexia, peculiarly in the school, and 2nd, cognitive which is more relate to teacher larning troubles who is responsible for appraisal of any sort of larning troubles and so Preparation an single instruction program, 3rd, the degree of biological, which refers to dyslexia for sort of nervous-developmental in developmental shortage of biological beginning ( Frith, 2003 ) . However, if we compare the definition of the British Dyslexia Association in the definition of ( 2001 ) of dyslexia with the equivalent, which presented by the World Federation of Neurology ( 1968 ) , we will observe other possible struggles, harmonizing to the conceptual dimension to the definition of dyslexia. On the other manus, it is absolutely balanced in those who wish to show the strengths and failings of kids with dyslexia: â€Å" dyslexia is a combination of troubles, and capacity that may impact the acquisition procedure in one or more of the authorship, reading and spelling. It might be possible, identify failings in ocular perceptual experience, treating velocity of the short-run memory, sequencing, every bit good as sound, spoken linguistic communication and motor accomplishments. and that are relevant to get the hanging and utilizing written linguistic communication, which may incorporate the alphabet and place the digital every bit good as musical.2. Causes of Dyslexi aHarmonizing to ( Rice, 2004 ) there is still no consensus on the implicit in causes of dyslexia. It is often point out that non all the trouble in reading or composing agencies dyslexia. However, there are many scientists who believe that heritage and hearing jobs at an early age may do dyslexia. This will be discussed in more inside informations. 2.1 Inheritance May non be possible that dyslexia is non a strong feature that will be inherited, even if one or both parents have it. On the other manus, this may be possible. it clear that 40 per cent of the people and explained that dyslexia has a history of larning troubles in their household. Harmonizing to Brain scanning of kids with dyslexia by specializers in the field of medical specialty that Bunches of cells beneath the surface in the forepart left side of the encephalon are responsible for reading jobs ( ibid. ) . This group of cells traveling on the surface of encephalon cells while turning in the foetus, which does non happen with kids with dyslexia. In add-on, they have to be smaller Mangifera indica cellular system, which is apt for acknowledgment, for illustration, symbols and characters, which leads to hard to read. They normally tend to utilize the right portion for these accomplishments, which are non designed for this occupation and that six times slower. It is clear that scient ists consider these familial fluctuations and statistics that the heritage is one of causes of dyslexia. 2.2 Hearing Problems at an Early Age It is often point out that the first five old ages of a kid ‘s life are of import for the ability to read and compose in conformity with natural linguistic communications. In the event that the kid is enduring from colds or other continuously during the first old ages of his life, without medical intercession prior to the visit of the wellness centre, may be exposed to censor supplication from clip to clip and therefore may take to hearing loss. This means that there is a interruption in the learning procedure of the kid because of those jobs in the hearing. If the kid does non hold the ability to hear words right, and therefore take to holds in the phonemic consciousness of the kid that leads to larning troubles, such as dyslexia ( Bradford, 2009 ) .3. Intervention for Dyslexia3.1 Definition of intercessionHarmonizing to Wall ( 2003 ) definition of intercession as â€Å" An intercession is an interaction between two people to convey about alteration and, hence, early old ages practicians undertake intercessions each clip they are working with kids. Interventions may be short, medium or long term and will be planned carefully to guarantee effectivity and rightness. † and He suggested thought which is what and how should practicians pull up a program or design different and utile intercession plans for each kid as a instance separately, by clear uping how it could promote instructors or staff of these kids collaborative work by each class of activity schoolroom, which can be caused by structured program which made through specializers. It can be seen that intercession has become a important key in deciding of psychological educational issues which is more effectual to clear up entree for these issues or jobs and besides it is utile in making positive consequences, particularly for kids with larning troubles who are at hazard for any peculiar type of larning troubles. It is of import to observe that it should be look at if one parent has dyslexia, which is likely to travel to one of their kids as a consequence it is of import there is focal point on the household history, which may to be assisted to alarm instructors and parents hence, it may acquire appropriate intercession plan for these kids ( Augur,1993 ) . If we pay adequate attending to Augur indicate that developmental dyslexia is justified for certain grounds, first ground, it may be really hard to clear up sort of developmental dyslexia that a kid is born through T harmonizing to the consequences of encephalon hurt as a consequence of shot or an accident, etc. Furthermore, the 2nd ground which is that many specializers agree that most of these kids, who are smart in most classs with the exclusion of some basic academic accomplishments that need to develop and therefore it is likely that the instructors are supplying success and development of the natural growing of kids with dyslexia, if they were with the fact that dyslexia may non be curable but it needs to utile intercession plans.3.2 Phases of intercession in EnglandHarmonizing to DfES ( 2003 ) that phases of intercession used in schools in Britain, with about indistinguishable phases in America, called ( moving ridges ) . Wave 1, which is refer to initial instruction for literacy in schools in that there must be effectual integrating of all kids, high quality and a day-to-day reading and composing hr with appropriate distinction required. Whereas, if the kids do non react right to primary schoolroom of literacy counsel hence, intercession will be necessary. In add-on, Wave 2 shows a set of specific intercessions which are extra a specific clip, which refer to some kids who are in demand of support services to speed up development and they can work at or above age-related T the highest of outlooks. Wave 3 which is describes the administration for a little figure of kids and intercession is necessary to supply specifically for the processor velocity of development or let kids to accomplish their possible. It is Clearly that, this could include the 01:01 or specific intercessions, so when it comes to older kids, which is normally refer to the attack set out specifically for kids that have been identified as necessitating particular instruction support by working in the school environment. The best illustration, as noted by the research worker that Wave 3 intercession which is reading recovery.3.3 Issues associated with intercessionIt is often point out that there is contention about how to construct efficaciously intercession programme. Researcher will show the most of import factors agreed for possible success in the planning and production of the right intercession plan. First, it taking into histories the appraisal processs and scrutiny in psychological science that can explicate precisely what are the accomplishments which need to develop in kids. Harmonizing to Fawcett and Lynch ( 200 0 ) to analyze dyslexia trial ( designed by Nicolson and Fawcett, 1996 ) will be the most successful for all the instructors to their schools. In add-on, this trial has become extremely efficient because it is interested in semantic and verbal eloquence every bit good as cognition of Numberss. Another ground which is how rapidly the application of this trial for illustration, it is take one minute to the undertaking of authorship and one minute in the accomplishment of reading, furthermore, spelling and other accomplishments that could take two proceedingss. Harmonizing to Pumfrey and Reason ( 2001 ) heighten the measure and quality of cognitive development of kids is important factor to make the appropriate intercession for them, it is of import to take into history to verification that intercession at the earliest clip that in order to that this process may non take to a hold which is unwanted for kids who have reading troubles. In the same context, we may stress that the appraisal processs and scrutiny demand to be more focal point by that phase, even before the application to avoid any future jobs ( Talcott, , 1997 ) . However, the research worker as a instructor for particular instruction every bit good as lector at the Department of Special Education recognizes that there are no trials in a unvarying and there is a clear deficiency of rating of classs in schools in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that this is an chance for the research worker to obtain the right method of measuring and testing for kids who have troubles reading in schools and the transportation of these steps and the right schemes for the development of the educational procedure in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Talcott ( 1997 ) indicate that there is another factor which is related to people who may play an active function of sensing of kids who have dyslexia. Therefore, there are some people around the kids who have larning troubles and they who provide full attention to relieve the troubles that may be in these kids every bit good as they are seeking to happen the appropriate methods in educational procedure such as, parents, professionals every bit good as specializers in wellness attention.3.4 Type of intercession for reading troubles3.4.1 Reading RecoveryReading Recovery has been designed by Marie Clay, who is a research worker in New Zealand ( Reading Recovery Council, 2006 ) . Mary did surveies which allowed her to develop appropriate methods for the sensing and intercession for reading troubles for kids. In add-on, this plan is surveies based intercession that is applied in more than 10000 schools in New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. it was a developed to offer inte rcession for kids who have reading troubles ( Au, Mason1990 ) . Harmonizing to Au, Mason ( 1990 ) The chief of reading recovery is to be able to offer intensive one-on-one support kids who have reading troubles in first class and therefore supply appropriate intercession to assist them win before they improve their reading troubles ( Savage, John 1994 ) . Furthermore, it is aimed at less than twenty per centum of school categories in first class schoolroom. It is clear that it is non easy to do a determination about who kids should be given to this plan. kids are taking a trial and depending on the lowest tonss for this trial and so to keep this plan for kids got the lowest tonss by trained instructors in the application of this plan for kids who have troubles reading to cut down these troubles and to read good ( Kline, Anne 1997 ) . It is often point out reading recovery is developed to be compatible with the regular school system. Each school needs to corroborate that instructors should hold the ability to download the plan continuously during the twelvemonth. It is clear that it has the ability to work in a assortment of degrees for case it works with instructors, in school, kids, and in the instruction system to supply aid in cut downing reading troubles in kids ( Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ) . Savage, John ( 1994 ) pointed out that Reading Recovery which is a plan works otherwise for each kid who is in demand of this plan. Choice of kids for this plan based on the study which is submitted by the instructor, and a study about what kid has cognition of letters and constructs about print procedure, text reading. In add-on, the plan begins with what the kid is to hold the ability to make, so it builds on what they are seeking to make and work what child demand to larn about reading ( Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ) .According to Chapman, Turner ( 2003 ) the plan is designed to work one-on-one direction for 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours for a period of 12 to twenty hebdomads through trained instructors. Furthermore, it is designed to regular schoolroom reading usher. In add-on, It is set out to help based on kid ‘s strengths. The chief concentration on one-on-one lessons is concentrate on groking the assorted messages in reading and pupils have the ability to construct messages in composing accomplishment ( Reading Recovery National Network ) . Harmonizing to Savage, John ( 1994 ) reading recovery includes that: -Reading Familiar Books: pupils tend to read books that they enjoy. Teachers, nevertheless, will detect how child read these books so they will help the kid while kids are reading this book. -Assessment of reading schemes: the pupils will hold a book that have ne'er read it, in the old lesson, the kid will read that book for the instructor, so the instructor will utilize recording equipment while the kid is read. – Working on Letter acknowledgment: pupil will be trained to look at the different letters, and begins to be familiar with them. -Introducing new books: instructor will take a figure of different books that are suited for pupil ‘s reading degree. – Reading new books: The instructor will demo a new book for the pupil, and so the pupil will be supposed to read it in the following lesson. In add-on, the instructor and pupil will discourse the book and supply aid to fix for the apprehension of the narrative in that book before read it. It is clear that Reading plan was designed to run into the particular the single demands of reader who has troubles in reading, which seems different from kid to child. Working Individually with pupils, fixing lessons to react to the single demands of the kid, will assist to develop kids ‘s reading ( hapman, Iversen, & A ; Tunmer 2005 ) . It is clear that the reading recovery has extended one-on-one direction. Not surprising to anyone that the strength of the plan and work separately with pupils which is influential to present of intercession for those pupils who have reading troubles. Recent research indicates that the method of one-on-one is more effectual in learning in regular categories that lead to accomplishing the single demands for each pupil ( Chapman, Tunmer 2003 ) . Reading Recovery Council ( 2006 ) pointed out that many of the kids are in different degrees reading accomplishment, constitution of lesson for all pupil is non ever effectual to that a pupil who does non understand what may be understood by other kid and therefore instructors can make a lesson that will incorporate five elements: working with letters, reading books which are familiar to pupil, observe and record what is read by the pupil and reading new course of study ( Barnes, Bonnie 1996 ) . it is possible to help pupils achieve effectual reading public presentation by the single demands of them early. In add-on, working separately with pupils to steer them educating reading schemes every bit good as to supply some clip for the application so that they will be capable to accomplish in grade degree ( Educational Commissions System of the States 2000 ) . It seems clear that the scheme of one-on-one which allows instructors to supply pupils all remarks, regards and inquiries that the instructor knows a pupil who has the ability to reply those inquiries. In add-on to, the reading recovery instructors have the ability to assist the pupil and give feedback for the work he is making ( Barnes, Bonnie 1996 ) . On the other manus, reading recovery will take 30 proceedingss for each pupil.It must take into history that there are some things that may be impact the pupils when they are in the schoolroom, for illustration: yearss of unwellness, field trips and workshops ( Barnes, Bonnie 1996 ) . Barnes, Bonnie ( 1996 ) indicate that clip consuming is one of the jobs related to educating Reading Recovery through the sum of paperwork which are side by side with the instruction of reading recovery to single pupils. For illustration, a written analysis of the strengths and failings of the kid, the study of the outlooks of advancement through the designation of long-run and short-run ends to child day-to-day lesson programme. Another drawback of reading recovery is instructors. Many instructors do non normally have support from their co-workers in the school every bit good as they have trouble in entree to feedback on their lessons. Furthermore, there are many instructors in the schoolroom do non hold a sense of the impact of reading recovery plan on the kids because it is presented merely one or two pupils in their schoolrooms ( Baronial, Jo Anne 1995 ) . In add-on, There are many instructors who are working merely has the half-time reading recovery instructor. Therefore, they h ave the ability to service merely approximately eight kids each academic twelvemonth. In add-on, many schools have about a 100 and 50 first class pupils ‘ , this is grounds that merely about five or six per centum of kids have the ability to have reading recovery programme ( Barnes, Bonnie 1996 ) . As has been mentioned before the end of reading recovery is to steer kids in larning techniques and aid to pattern clip, kids have the ability to present on class degree ( Frankas, George 2000 ) .However, reading recovery is working, irrespective of economic position, gender and societal position of the group of kids that led to the acceleration of the effectual advancement this programme ( Educational Leadership 1990 ) . Centre, Wheldall ( 1992 ) pointed out that to do reading recovery programme more effectual must alter three elements: Behavioural alteration in instructors. The child behavior alteration acquired through instructors. There is a demand for the school to alter the regulative demands for decision makers and instructors. It is clear that the consequences of reading recovery plan is that it offers effectual intercession for pupils in grade school and so intervention, alternatively of falling into the failure in reading troubles for these kids. In add-on, it is supplying strong support for instructors and enables them to go more effectual in reading recovery programme. Furthermore, the most of import result of the plan is to be has figure of kids in classs 2-6 to hold a few jobs in reading troubles one time and so the plan is implemented efficaciously and right ( Baronial, Jo Anne 1995 ) .4. Method of learning reading accomplishments for kids with dyslexiaAs has been mentioned before is that in fact the intercession to turn to reading troubles in kids with dyslexia is a successful scheme to supply support appropriate for them. But it is often point out that, it is to look for on the strengths and failings of the scholar and acquisition manners appropriate through the school by the instructor, which is suited to the demands of each person. Because it is known to us that each and every kid with dyslexia is different harmonizing to the file and map of cognitive and learning manners appropriate to him ( Reid,1997 ) .4.1 Whole Language DirectionHarmonizing to the survey carried out by Frank, 1978, it was holding an impact in back uping the Whole Language Instruction, learning reading is a natural opposite number to larn to talk the sense of larning to read natural. In add-on, Whole Language Instruction may concentrate on instruction to be of entire to the portion and non frailty versa ( e.g. larning the accomplishments non included in the Whole linguistic communication direction ) , and larning to compose must happen through merriment activities functional significance, and the focal point on instruction precedence, alternatively of maintaining the roots. Furthermore, it consenter on the scholar who is the centre of instruction instead than the course of study and instruction should b e based on single interaction. It is clear that it may back up instruction in a societal environment. Furthermore, the instructor is the 1 who set the course of study to be constructs are interrelated instead than spliting them up into multiple accomplishments or subsets of content and rating focal points on the strengths of the scholar. It seems that Whole Language Instruction is a tool to cover with the category and adjust and it may provides deprived pupils to be able to get the better of reading jobs ( Pressely, 1994 ) . However, harmonizing to Mather ( 1992 ) Whole Language Instruction squad believe that retail could interrupt larning procedure, so they are opposed to direct instruction of encryption, because it split the linguistic communication into separate cartridge holders and accomplishments, which may take to the linguistic communication is non used, every bit good as a waste of clip. The Whole Language Instruction may supply intending to the texts and it is concentratin g on both reading and authorship, as learn the regulations of linguistic communication may be done without the demand to learn voice. It is clear that Educators and research workers stress fact that acquisition may be the best when there is gratifying environment for larning and scholar will be active participant in larning procedure every bit good as the instructor must take into history single differences between kids. These rules focus upon the manner of Whole Language Instruction in larning to read, the kid will read full text and so he begins to acknowledge words and letters with assisting by instructor and the kid will experience motive when he is reading and that is the most of import demands, which increases the capacity of the kid with dyslexia to larn to read right ( Fuhler,1993 ) Learner ( 2000 ) pointed out that there are rudimentss of learning reading troubles by utilizing method of Whole Language Instruction as followers: First: Reading is one of the elements of internal linguistic communication which is really close to unwritten linguistic communication and written linguistic communication, so instructors who use this method confirm the linguistic communication written and unwritten reading lead to the kid will be improved, when he learn to read and there is a relationship between lingual exposure in kids and reading troubles, kids who have linguistic communication jobs or mobility are likely to develop jobs in composing in the early phases. Second: The method of verbal linguistic communication may be acquired by the natural usage, harmonizing to the instructors who use Whole Language Direction that kids may larn to talk without the demand for particular preparation and this means that kids will larn to read of course through exposure to larn to read by concentrating on linguistic communication and books which related to eloquence of linguistic communication. Third: Teachers who use the method of Whole Language Instruction avoid usage of separate instruction which does non concentrate on the nexus between parts of the significance of linguistic communication, every bit good as the manner of learning that focuses on usage of separate exercisings, and they believe that books that divide natural linguistic communication into little pieces and cryptic that could do instruction is hard. In add-on, Whole Language Instruction users think that acquisition of characters is usually by manner of instruction, it is clear that larning of letters should non be separate, but it is usually acquired through reading.4.2 Code- accent DirectionIt is clear that we should understand the schemes of coding in Whole Language Instruction or amusing reading ( Orthographic ) , which are one of the schemes that provide the chance to kids to read the words by this method because they saw these words for many times. Therefore, they have image of the words in the long-r un memory, the image of words are non required to be stored in the same format and fount but it will be simply images. To utilize this scheme, the reader should has cognition of the alphabet and how to treat nexus this letters together. Furthermore, there are many of readers who tend to utilize this scheme because they have the satisfaction for the words through usage of a figure of back-to-back times as a consequence, they are willing to retrieve these words at any clip. However, when they are exposed to new words so they tend to utilize method of Code- accent Instruction so they used the analysis of these words and read them ( Hoien,2000 ) . Harmonizing to Learner ( 2000 ) kids with dyslexia frequently need to direct acquisition and systematic preparation on reading because the direct preparation on the accomplishments of voice reading is important due to the primary undertaking which is a specific portion which is used subsequently for reading comprehension. However, kids who start to larn to read easy, they will go readers are strong subsequently. It is clear that Code- accent Instruction is effectual in that the reader have a wide reading accomplishments in school and In the external environment, he will be able to read any text editions or other books. In add-on, Intensive reading may supply the chance for the growing of constructs and verbal cognition for how to compose and read the text. Therefore, kids who do non larn by this method they will be deprived for this chance to develop their accomplishments, because they began by a weak method as a consequence, they did non enable them to Intensive reading so, their re ading accomplishments will be less that lead to they had negative experiences of literacy. However, surveies and research indicated that the usage of method Code- accent Instruction which lead to high tonss for trials of reading accomplishment. Furthermore, it may take to fluency in reading the words, because spelling procedure for the words will go automatic when the kid have a good ability to analysis and synthesis. In add-on, it has maps system or consideration of footings between letters and sounds, and when the kid learns by maps that will be able to analyse the word and use these information to bring forth the right pronunciation for written words. Furthermore, there is another method called ( Analogy ) which is used by many instructors to educate kids with reading troubles. In this method, the kid may utilize his old cognition to reading the new words, for illustration, if he reads the word ( Hand ) as a consequence, he will has the ability to read the word ( sand ) by benefit of his old cognition for the similar letters in the first word. Therefore, he can utilize lingual cognition such as lingual and grammatical regulations in easing the procedure of reading ( Hoien, 2000 ) . It is often point out that different theoretical accounts of pupils require different theoretical accounts of learning methods. It is clear that both Whole Language Instruction and Code- accent Instruction are effectual in learning reading to pupils with dyslexia. However, a group of specializers in the field of larning troubles ( GoswamI, Torgesen, Wayekp and Bryant ) pointed out that there is a inclination to prefer Code- accent Instruction to learn pupils with reading troubles ( Beech,1994 ) .5. Facilitating dyslexia friendly schoolsHarmonizing to Nicolson ( 2001 ) â€Å" the phase is set for set abouting ambitious, multi-disciplinary, multi-perspective undertakings aimed at redefining the field of dyslexia and larning troubles as the field of larning abilities † . It is clear from this position we should understand the complexness of how to clearly specify which school scenes are more appropriate for Learning Difficulties students. That is to state it is the instance of su pplying the dyslexia-friendly school demand to turn to some issues that would do many of difference such as distinguishing larning methods to fit assorted larning methods. Additionally, it is necessary raise the issue of happening community financess for developing instructors who wish to work with LD students and preparing of human resources and leading within the educational establishments in developing states to do dyslexia-friendly school certainly successful. Furthermore, the issue of learning schemes should be dealt with greater attending, that is to state one successful learning method is non needfully suitable for all LD students which are the most of import. To supportive of all students is unimpeachably the nucleus kernel of inclusive doctrine which might intend besides distinction of their trouble or ability. In add-on, it can be practical theory to bespeak the possibility of using the construct of ‘equal chances ‘ . it seems that there are about 10 per centum of the population is to hold dyslexia, it means that there may be benefit greatly from learning methods for all dyslexia through the acquisition of cognition, every bit good as that of ordinary kids to rush up reading, composing and mathematical accomplishments ( BDA, 2003 ) . MacKay ( 2003 ) showed an account of effectual achieve success of dyslexia friendly school â€Å" In a dyslexia friendly school, weak basic accomplishments are non a barrier to accomplishment † . If we pay more attending to this simple statement, it seems that all kids with dyslexia have failing in the chief acquisition countries, nevertheless, it should run into these countries, which do non forestall the committedness by seting instructors accomplishments and they develop all the failings they have. British Dyslexia Association references to an effectual scheme for friendly schools for dyslexia through seven elements of effectual support it. British Dyslexia Association ( 2002 ) pointed out that dyslexia friendly schools are effectual because they identify and choose the best effectual patterns to accomplish the coveted undertaking. It is clear that awareness enterprises about dyslexia, dyslexia friendly schools demanding favoritism of pupils and supply them back up by associating them to modern thoughts with traditional values. In add-on, kids are required to be the best as they have cognitive ability and school civilization has a dissatisfaction with the failure, in fact it is non an aggressive response, but instead it is a method to supply stimulation for students. Decision It has been discussed that each kid has a alone single profile, character, penchants, abilities and troubles. This, dyslexic students are more varied personally and against their opposite numbers in their acquisition processing and techniques seemingly in all phases of school scenes. Undoubtedly, they have their ain potencies and strengths which must be broaden and improved expeditiously. However, they have failings in academic accomplishments sometimes presented in reading or/and composing which are to be exhaustively developed via brand usage of assorted types of individualised intercession every bit good as proviso of an effectual instruction methods. These methods should be provided merely through good trained/certified instructors. If these schemes is applied and demonstrated efficaciously, at that clip merely, we could imagine great trade of alteration and believe that reading troubles of dyslexic students reduced well. It is rather clear that there must be a strategic end for all of us as parents, faculty members, educational research workers and instructors to ease dyslexic friendly schools. This end should be consistent in advancing positive policies towards dyslexic students peculiarly in LEA ‘s every bit good as profiting other students who have the ability to acquire advantage from inclusive instruction scenes. This inclusive instruction has been implemented in Saudi since 1997. Hundreds of certified instructors graduated from assorted universities to learn LD students. However, importance should be emphasized upon LEA ‘s in Saudi Arabia where is more advancement and betterment needed to take topographic point.

Leadership of General George S. Patton Essay

Leadership of General George S. Patton by Eugene V. Struzik III May 23, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to explore the different leadership styles that General George S. Patton Jr. used throughout his life, (November 11, 1885 until December 21, 1945). General Patton is often thought of as one of the most controversial generals in history. This paper will concentrate on events that happened in his life and how his determination, will and hard work helped him overcome and became a better leader. It is evident that in a review of the research General Patton was able to achieve many his success by determination and hard work to be the best in everything that he set his mind to accomplish. He was never happy, except when he was given the challenge of commanding men into battle. General Patton was a leader, a warrior and the most feared General by the Germans. General George S. Patton was a man who is often referred to as a great general, and leader of men who was equally just as controversial. His career in the Army was often a struggle for him to advance and receive the recognition that he deserved. This paper will cover the leadership styles of General Patton during the early, then during World War I. Next it will cover World War II and finally I will give my opinion on the subject. George S. Patton, who was sometime called Georgie, was an average child with the hopes and dreams of becoming a great military leader like his Grandfather, Great-Grandfather and many of his other relatives (Regan, 1960). He worked hard with his academic career to tried to get into West Point the United States Military Academy, but he was not accepted at first. Not deterred by this set back, he went to Virginia Military Institute (VMI) for a year (Reda, 2004). Even though he was going to VMI, he continued tirelessly to get accepted into West Point. Finally Patton was accepted into West Point, but he found it far more challenging then he imagined it would. The major reason that he had difficulty with the studies was because he was suffering from dyslexia, a disorder that caused everything to look backwards (Reda, 2004). Although faced with these difficulties, George never gave up, even when he was forced to repeat his plebe year, due to poor academic performance. However this failure to progress only strengthened his resolve and determination to better. In an effort of almost memorizing everything from his textbooks, he was able to achieve an appointed Cadet Adjutant. Another area that he had an interest in was sports. He encourage the introduction of sports into the school as a way for men to stay focused on studies as appose to getting in trouble (Regan, 1960). His efforts lead to the creation of the first football team and the fencing team. He felt that sport would help him and his classmate overcome the boredom of every day life at West point. In addition, it would help them overcome physical challenges through determination and it would teach them sportsmanship. In an amazing testament to hard work and preservation, George Patton graduated from West Point. Although he did not graduate at the top of his class, he was ranked number 46 out of 103, which is amazing considering the fact that he failed his first year in the Academy. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and assigned to the US Calvery. It was also during this time in Patton’s life that he would marry his beautiful and wealthy wife, Beatrice Ayer. Her father was not fond of her marring a military man, because he felt that this would keep his daughter far away from her family. In fact her father, Frederick Ayer, offered George a job in the family business if he would just resign his commission in the Army. However, that was not something that George Patton, was able to do. He was living his dream of being an officer in the United States Army. George’s determination and hard work would reach a high point when he participated in the 1912 Olympics. Although George was not a natural athlete, he simply did what he always did work twice as hard as everyone else in an effort to be better than everyone else. It was his will and his desire to be the best that propelled him into getting fifth place during the Olympics. This raw determination to achieve a goal and accomplish the task ahead would become his trademark. Once again George Patton’s determination and desire to excel paid off. Lieutenant Patton was able to get a position as an aide to General Blackjack Pershing during the Punitive Expedition. The interesting thing about this appointment was General Pershing was not taking people to his staff. In fact, it was a letter that Lieutenant Patton wrote to General Pershing requesting to be considered for an appointment to the General’s staff that gave George the opportunity of a lifetime. Here he would learn what it took to be a good Calvary Officer and he would make important contact that would serve him well in the future. This leads into the second main point of this paper, which is Patton emerging into a leader. It is 1917, and the United States has just declared war on Germany. Patton got another chance to serve under General Blackjack Pershing. Pershing gave Patton a promotion to the rank of Captain and appointed him the Tank commander for the American troops. This was not an easy task for Captain Patton, since he had to develop a training program, and tactics for the new technological advancement of the tank. This was Patton’s first leadership challenge that would set the tone for how he dealt with all of the other challenges in his life. He was the â€Å"first tank commander† (Reagan, 1960), with this job he took on the daunting task of creating the first Tank Command in Europe. â€Å"Patton single-handedly created the, the AEF Tank Training Center. He created the, the ideas, the tactics, the design, the uniforms, the procedures. Virtually, everything that was done came from Patton† (Reda, 2004). Patton realized the need for training and the benefit that he would get on the battle field. Drawing from his own experience, Patton viewed the tank as the calvary of the future. It would be during this First World War that he would develop many of his leadership skills. As was pointed out by Captain VonShell, â€Å"Instill a sense of security in the men, by so doing you will help them overcome their fears† (1933, p. 17). Patton exemplified this behavior, by being the first person to ride on a tank for in combat even though there was machine gun fire raining down on him (Reda,

Walmarts Cost Structure Essay Example

Walmarts Cost Structure Essay Example Walmarts Cost Structure Paper Walmarts Cost Structure Paper The Wall-Mart cost structure is known to be the lowest In the retail Industry. Many economists do not agree with this structure because although consumers are happy with low prices Wall-Mart has forced Its suppliers and competitors small and big to lower their prices In order for them to maintain the Image and reputation of having the lowest prices around for quality products. Many cities and neighborhoods have banned Wall-Mart due to the fear of small businesses being run out of business sue to not being able to compete with a giant like Wall-Mart. Like many other businesses Wall-Mart has various factors that affects it cost structure such as purchasing merchandise and real estate which seems to be the biggest expenses for this retail giant. Real estate is the biggest cost due to amount of store openings each year. Wall-Mart has focused its openings to isolated metropolitan areas and will continue to grow in order to conquer the majority of metropolitan areas. Then there Is the Merchandise In which Wall-Mart keeps a large Inventory of . The fixed and variable costs are nothing more than the corporations operating average in which the companies assets and liabilities are analyzed. Wall-Mart has used their operating leverage to the utmost of their ability. By purchasing the majority of real estate that the Wall-Mart stores and other divisions are located on, they are able to create assets rather than liabilities. Although there are areas of the united States and many other countries that lease the property for an specified amount. Along with other operating costs the company maintains to continually grow which adds to this dilemma. Wall-Mart seems to be one of the top corporations with a low amount of fixed costs ND variable costs being large. The merchandise of Wall-Mart amounts to another one of Wall-Marts biggest costs due to the amount of ,inventory. For when a product rings in they have to pay for the supply of that product in which if the cost of goods sold rises the sales revenues will rise. The price elasticity of Wall-Mart consumer demand is one of a fickle nature. The Wall-Mart management team has analyzed that when times are hard revenues increase.

Biography of Gregorio Zara, Inventor of the Videophone

Biography of Gregorio Zara, Inventor of the Videophone Gregorio Zara (March 8, 1902–October 15, 1978) was a Filipino scientist best known as the inventor of the videophone, the first two-way electronic video communicator, in 1955. All told, he patented 30 devices. His other inventions ranged from an alcohol-powered airplane engine to a solar-powered water heater and stove. Fast Facts: Gregorio Zara Known For: Inventor of the video telephoneBorn: March 8, 1902 in Lipa City, Batangas, PhilippinesDied: October 15, 1978Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, Sorbonne UniversityAwards and Honors: National Scientist Award (Philippines)Spouse: Engracia Arcinas LaconicoChildren: Antonio, Pacita, Josefina, Lourdesï » ¿ Early Life Gregorio Zara was born on March 8, 1902, in Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines. He earned a bachelors degree in mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a masters in aeronautical engineering (summa cum laude) at the University of Michigan, and a doctorate in physics at Sorbonne University in Paris (summa cum laude with Tres Honorable, the highest graduate student honor). He returned to the Philippines and became involved in both the government and the academic worlds. He worked in several posts with the Department of Public Works and Communications and the Department of National Defense, mostly in the aviation. At the same time, he taught aeronautics at several universities- including the American Far Eastern School of Aviation, the Far Eastern University, and the FEATI University- and published many books and research papers on aeronautics. In 1934 Zara married Engracia Arcinas Laconico, who the year before had been named Miss Philippines. They had four children: Antonio, Pacita, Josefina, and Lourdesï » ¿. Discoveries Begin In 1930, he discovered the physical law of electrical kinetic resistance, known as the Zara Effect, which involves the resistance to the passage of an electric current when contacts are in motion. Later he invented the earth induction compass, which is still used by pilots, and in 1954 his airplane engine powered by alcohol had a successful test flight at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Then came the videophone. Before video calling became as commonplace as it is in the 21st century, the technology had been developed but started slowly, possibly because it was so far ahead of its time. In the middle of the 1950s, long before the start of the digital age, Zara developed the first videophone or two-way television-telephone. The device left the realm of science fiction and comic books when Zara patented it in 1955 as a â€Å"photo phone signal separator network.† Videophone Catches On That first iteration didnt catch on, largely because it wasn’t intended as a commercial product. But in the 1960s, ATT began working on a model of a videophone, called a â€Å"picturephone,† aimed at the public. The company released the videophone at the 1964 New York World’s Fair, but it was seen as impractical and didnt fare well. It caught fire as the digital age was beginning in the late 1990s. The videophone first caught on as a device that easily enabled distance learning and video conferencing and also proved helpful for the hearing impaired. Then came such derivations as Skype and smartphones, and the videophone became ubiquitous worldwide. Other Scientific Contributions Zaras other inventions and discoveries include: Improving methods of producing and harnessing solar energy, including new designs for a solar-powered water heater, stove, and battery (1960s)Inventing wooden aircraft propellers  and  a corresponding propeller-cutting machine (1952)Designing a microscope with a collapsible stageHelping design the robot Marex X-10, which could walk, talk, and respond to commandsInventing the vapor chamber, used to visualize radioactive elements Zara died of heart failure at the age of 76 in 1978. Legacy In his lifetime, Gregorio Zara amassed 30 patents. In the year of his death he was presented the National Scientist Award, the highest honor  the Philippine government gives to Filipino scientists, by President Ferdinand E. Marcos. He also received: The Presidential Diploma of MeritThe Distinguished Service Medal (1959) for his pioneering works and achievements in solar energy research, aeronautics, and televisionThe Presidential Gold Medal and Diploma of Honor for Science and Research (1966)The Cultural Heritage Award for Science Education and Aero Engineering (1966) Sources Meet Gregorio Zara, the Filipino Engineer Who Created the World’s First Video Phone. Gineersnow.com.Today in Philippine History, March 8, 1902, Gregorio Y. Zara was born in Lipa City, Batangas. The Kahimyang Project.Role Models in Science Engineering Achievement: Gregorio Zara. Scienceblogs.com.Miss Philippines of the Manila Carnival, Engracia Arcinas Laconico. Manila Carnivals 1908-39.

How Google motivate their employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Google motivate their employees - Essay Example The culture of the organization has been made conducive to its employees. The next aspect that promotes employee motivation concerns product innovation. The company has been a leader in providing conditions necessary for employee’s participation in innovation. The company further focus on employee passion on performing of tasks rather than on pay. It is also imperative to state that Google management team has been able to encourage creativity while enhance organizational control. It is also one of the goals of the organization to utilization of data in providing employee with rewards and in motivating (Wood, 2015).The other motivational aspects of the organization relates to its pay rewards. Employees in the organization receive various innovative pay benefits that motivate them towards organization success. The management teams of the organization provides employee with room to promote their own ideas. These provide employees with various bases for creating their own products (Wood, 2015). In return, to such strategies, Google is able to recruit employees with very high skills. They further construct innovative ways of retaining employees. The other motivating aspect of the organization is the provision of challenging and inspiring activities for its employees.Modern organizations need to utilize innovative ways in motivating its employees. Motivating of employees ensures that organizations are able to maximize on their efforts. Modern organizations are able to streamline employees’ ideas towards innovating products.

The Art of Watching Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Art of Watching Films - Essay Example But this is not as simple as it apparently looks like. Time and again in the history of cinema, the chemistry of success has eluded the most talented of filmmakers and producers. It’s been seen an umpteen number of times that films that had promised sensational performances fell flat on their faces upon release. On the other hand, many films that had initially been panned by critics managed to generate remarkable following later on. Despite this ambiguous analogy with no particular frame of reference to success, cinema is widely acknowledged to be a potent aesthetic medium, much in the same league of painting, music, literature, and drama. In defense of cinema as a visual medium of singularity, Boggs and Petrie (1999) argue that films are different from literature or other art forms in that they capture the essence of good, old-fashioned private reading just as much as the tokens of mass culture. In a way, motion pictures are compendiums of all the aesthetic and technical details associated with other independent art forms. It compounds within a single unit narrative of the novel, interplay between the audio and the visuals of the drama, synchronization of music, and textures of painting. The final outcome of such a blending is quite unique to say the least. This is because motion pictures allow for a freedom of watching as well as interpreting. There is always a mobility of expression and sense of displacement involved with films, which are conveyed through the deployment of light, sound and dialogs (p. 2). Moreover, the use of space can be regulated at will by using rapid camera movements. This also allows for alterations in perspectives for the viewers (Manchel, 1990, p. 98).  

Mandatory Military Service in the United States Research Paper

Mandatory Military Service in the United States - Research Paper Example Conclusion III. References Abstract A mediocre interpretation of the word â€Å"mandatory† will be obligatory or compulsory. The Mandatory Military Service of America carries out compulsory enrollment and induction into its services as part of its functions. With reference to the Legal Dictionary, enrollment is done through conscription also known as â€Å"draft†. However, draft and conscription are two different concepts. Conscription is the compulsory induction of individuals into the armed forces, as compared to draft which is the procedure by which people are conscripted. Men within a certain age group must register with the Selective Service for possible conscription, but this concept was suspended by 1973. According to this said source, conscription typically involves individuals who are deemed fit for military service. At times governments have instituted universal military service in which all men or people of a certain age are conscripted. Some American colonie s employed conscription. During the Revolutionary War, the American government used selective, temporary conscription to fill the ranks of its military. Congress passed the Selective Draft Act (40 Stat. 76). The act created a government office to oversee conscription. It also authorized local draft boards to select eligible individuals for conscription. The following year, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of conscription, noting that Article I of the Constitution gives Congress the power to "raise and support Armies". Presidential authority to conscript individuals into the U.S. armed forces ended in 1973. No individual has been conscripted into the military since then. Inception of the draft The idea that members of a community have a duty to defend it is as old as civilization itself. In a free society like ours, forcing citizens to fight involves conflicting notions of civic duty, individual freedom and equality. Although America has relied on an all-volunteer milit ary for most of its history, it was forced to draft men to fight the civil war and the wars of the 20th century. (Cited from Paul Ruschmann, Mandatory Military Service) George Washington was the first of a number of presidents to propose compulsory military training for all men. â€Å"Every citizen who enjoys the protection of a free government, not only owes a proportion of his property but also some of his personal services for the defense of it, and consequently that the citizens of America†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦should be borne on militia rolls†. Despite his proposal, his advice was overlooked and the all-volunteer militia remained. However, at the time of the civil war, there was enough man power to go to battle. The Confederacy which had a much smaller population than the Union authorized a draft. The next year, lawmakers followed suit. Despite attractive bonus packages, the Military was not attracting enough persons to raise an army strong enough to win the war. With the draft l aws conceived by the Union and the Confederacy, they allowed a man to hire a substitute to fight for him. During that era, that was the most intelligent means of exempting men engaged in essential civilian occupations. The law also exempted a man from serving by paying a $300 commutation fee to the government. Many Northerners complained that the civil was a â€Å"rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight† and anti-draft violence broke out in a number of cities. The worst unrest occurred in New York City, where anti-draft protests

Bama Team Essay Example for Free

Bama Team Essay Bama is a team based company that takes care of its employees to ensure business growth. The People Assurance System (PAS) not only trains and informs but also makes sure that employees know the key expectations for their performances.   The company’s leadership system provides the framework for the PAS and integrates the leaders’ responsibilities with HR systems so that business objectives can be achieved. When certain profitability objectives are met, employees are also given additional compensation. Applicants are hired based on basic requirements. Hourly employees are hired through a temporary employment agency. Professional, technical and management employees come from internships, external recruiters, personal references, nationsjob.com and job fairs. The leadership system has the Employee Success Discussions (ESD) and Organizational Development Discussions (ODD) where employees are given feedback and employee development opportunities. The ESD is a positive feedback system that provides the chance for hourly employees and their supervisors to discuss and plan performance issues.   The ODD provides management employees feedback from immediate bosses, customers, peers and direct reports. These observations are also used by the training staff to modify their training offerings. The company also has the â€Å"promote from within† philosophy that allows employees to advance their positions based on their own merits. The system also ensures the personal and professional growth of employees through tuition assistance programs, training programs, and technological and maintenance courses. All new employees are given on-the-job trainings.   Newly-hired managers are given a six hour session on culture, ethical standards and other company policies. Safety trainings have before and after evaluations that help assess development. The Six Sigma system assigns Black Belts that help teams attain goals. Update and just-in-time trainings that are extendable are given on applications and new processes. To ensure mastery, written course evaluations, in-class brainstorming of improvement ideas, post-testing, assessment and supervisors follow up. Bama ensures employee support, satisfaction and retention by having surveys (semi-annual and even anonymous), roundtables, and focus groups. The HR also addresses financial compensation, benefits, personal development (e.g. Fitness Center), involvement, recognition, communication and leisure through its services. Other measures like accident rates and employee retention are also taken into consideration. Employees are encouraged to give their improvement suggestions on human safety, product quality, processes to save time or money, equipment life and quality of life for employees through the Fresh Ideas Program. All employees, except for those paid hourly, get rewards and awards for it. Effective two-way communication is vital to Bama.   For this, the company has established the Bama Communication and Sharing Process, a roundtable process, an open door policy and the Bama News. The business systems infrastructure also encourages skill sharing across units, jobs and locations.   Two-way radios are also provided for efficiency. Healthy and safety of working environment are also priorities of Bama. It has a Key Elements plan, safety training programs and policies in place to secure implementation of safety laws..   Random drug testing is also done to ensure that Bama remains a drug-free workplace. Monthly safety audits are also done to see potential hazardous situations. Employees may also write Safety Work Orders or Near Miss Reports. Security systems like staff, fences, gates, pass-coded doors and surveillance cameras are also regularly assessed. Emergency and disaster preparedness provisions include planning (using ammonia refrigeration systems), training (e.g. CPR and fire safety), drills and multiple production lines.